Brief historical background of the book of Romans Essay

The book Romans was written probably during the mid to late fifties. Pauline authorship has been the dominating view as to the authorship of the book especially that the book of Romans reflects an exceptional theological understanding that fits to Paul’s credential as writer. First, he was highly educated receiving education no less than Israel’s greatest teacher Gamaliel during his time. Second, His understanding of the divine plan of salvation as also depicted in other Pauline epistles notably Ephesians and Galatians where he discussed about salvation and the divine action towards accomplishing that plan, appropriately fit with the mature theological thought and thorough presentation of the gospel. While there was no specific intended recipient except that it was addressed to the Romans, the letter was addressed to several congregations in Rome with the purpose of promoting Jewish and Gentile unity in the church. The main theme of the epistle was that the gospel proclaims that God acquits both Jews and Gentiles who believe in Jesus on the basis of Jesus Sacrificial death. Brief summary of the context of Romans chapter 5 Romans chapter 5 according to Henry (1985) is the climax of the first major section of the epistle. Henry puts it, â€Å"Chapter 5 of the epistle describes the actual, objective manifestation of the righteousness of God in Jesus Christ† (p. 64). Henry noted that Romans 5:12 to 21 places God’s action of reconciliation in Christ in its ultimate context, the cosmic context. It is in this context that this exegesis of Romans 5: 12 to 17 is anchored. To exegete this passage fully, it is hereby deemed necessary to write in full Romans 5: 12-17. Paul states: 12Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, and in this way death came to all men, because all sinned—13for before the law was given, sin was in the world. But sin is not taken into account when there is no law. 14Nevertheless, death reigned from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, even over those who did not sin by breaking a command, as did Adam, who was a pattern of the one to come. 15But the gift is not like the trespass. For if the many died by the trespass of the one man, how much more did God’s grace and the gift that came by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, overflow to the many! 16Again, the gift of God is not like the result of the one man’s sin: The judgment followed one sin and brought condemnation. 17For if, by the trespass of the man, death reigned through that one man, how much more will those who receive God’s abundant provision of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one man, Jesus Christ (NIV). The passage was full of important and meaningful terminologies that comprise its entire interpretation. Terminologies such as sin, death, law, gift, grace, judgment, condemnation, abundant provisions, and gift of righteousness are words that have important implications not only in the book of Romans, but the entire doctrine of salvation. For instance, the theological notion of sin which the apostle Paul has raised encompassed the entire interpretation of the scripture. This is also the idea that Paul was giving emphasis especially in such terms such as gift, grace, and righteousness. Exegesis of chapter 5:12-17 Paul begins verse 12 with the conclusive word â€Å"therefore† which means that the passage was connected with earlier theological discussion beginning from chapter 1:18 in which Paul cited that God’s wrath is revealed from heaven against wicked people whose godlessness entails them to suppress the truth. Paul emphasized that despite they know all about God yet they neither recognized him nor glorify him (v. 19). Because of this utter neglect and deliberate violation of God’s will, Paul says, â€Å"they have no excuse† (2:1). Here, Paul refers to both Jews and Gentiles. In chapter 3, Paul declares that no one is righteous and categorically stated that everyone has sinned and have fallen short to the glory of God (3:23). But chapter 4 deviates from the gloom discussion of sin and its consequence. He now focused on the hope of being able to regain spiritual relations with God through faith, citing Abraham as example. Paul used the word â€Å"therefore† to connect the passage with the above context. But as mentioned earlier, this passage is full of important words and phrases that enable this connection. First of all, Paul mentioned about the entry of sin and death. Obviously referring to Adam, he said that sin and death entered the world through the trespass of the one man. It means that the whole human race was contaminated by the sin committed by Adam through which death becomes the consequence. In order to shed more light on this highly theological discussion, it is important to define sin and death from their original usage in this passage. The law of sin and death The original word used for sin in Romans chapter 5:12 was the noun Hamartia, which occurred 174 time in the New testament and Hamartias while Thanatos for death. According to James Montgomery Boice, the Greek Hamartia and Hamartias means short coming or missing the mark. But Hamartia and Hamartias are just two of several Greek words for sin. The Greek Pesha, for transgression, chata to miss the mark, shagah to go astray, and paraptoma offense, all depicts a deviation from a higher standard or from a state enjoyed originally. The context therefore which Paul has in mind about sin and death goes back to the Garden of Eden in which Adam and Eve were placed by God. Obviously, this place depicts God’s presence which suggests that Adam and Eve enjoyed a higher state of life. But they deviated from this state by deliberately ignoring God’s command and therefore breach their fellowship with God. While Genesis 1:8 describes this place as a place of sufficiency as all that Adam needs to live were there, yet they departed from the mark which God has set for them. Thus, while everything that God has created adds beauty to this place especially the four rivers and all the animals that were subject to the dominion of Adam depicts God’s concern, provision, and love for his creation, they were were supposedly strictly oblige to obey what God has commanded them. Along with these beautiful creations, was God’s solemn warning for Adam not to eat the fruit of the tree in the center of the Garden as the very time they would eat of it, they will surely die. Unfortunately, Adam and Eve have chosen to disobey God. Thus, right after Adam and Eve’s disobedience to God’s command, they were sentenced to live a difficult life as the ground by which they could get their food was cursed by God. God also pronounced the entry of death into the world when God said to Adam â€Å"by the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return† (Genesis 3:19). Along with God’s judgment, they were driven out of the garden. That means, they were cast out from the very presence of God. The issue here is that Adam and Eve lost a higher state of life they enjoyed at Eden. They enjoyed God’s abundant provisions, they enjoyed God’s presence, and they enjoyed their being a perfect creation of God. They were innocent and they must have also been a divine creation. With Adam’s fall, all these were lost. Although God still care for human being even after Adam’s fall, the state of life which they had enjoyed in the Garden was never restored. Besides, the impact of God’s pronouncement that Adam would go back to dust speaks of the physical corruption. That is, of decaying and dying to which the writer of Genesis clearly indicates the hopelessness of man’s condition. While the Bible was silent about how long did Adam and Eve were living in Eden when they committed that regretful decision, after they were driven out, the days of their lives started to be in counting. Humans offended God and justice must be served against them. It is this condition that Paul was talking. Sin corrupted the human being and because of this we are subjected to decay. Thus, sin is defined as â€Å"coming short of the glory of God† (3:23). The consequence of Adam and Eve’s sin therefore was that every human being became sinners subject to all the woes both physical and spiritual with reference to Adam as the fountain of all the woes that sin has introduced into the world. Referring to Adam, Barnes noted, â€Å"Sin entered into the world. He was the first sinner of the race. The word sin here evidently means the violation of the law of God. He was the first sinner among men, and in consequence all others became sinners. † We are subject to the consequence of sin both in the physical and the spiritual world. Earlier, genesis 3 speaks of the consequence of sin in the physical world as the difficulty of life. That is, all the miseries that the world suffers including hunger and poverty, chaos because of unrelenting wars in various part of the world, calamities such as earthquakes, typhoons’, and other manmade disasters, worries caused by economic uncertainties, and all other social problems affecting our society that are in turn affecting us individually. Sin has corrupted the hearts and mind of many people resulting to more crimes, and moral decay contributing more problems that makes life even more difficult. On top of this, death played the worst role in the lives of the human being. The Greek word for death in this passage is thanatos which means a physical death. The Greek thanato implies both the physical and spiritual death. However, the bible did not give any formal definition of the word death. Thus according to Kenneth Boa and Robert Bowman, we must infer our understanding of death from a whole range of Biblical statements pertaining to the subject. In doing so, we must be careful to distinguish idiomatic or euphemistic expressions for death, which may not be intended anything more than a person has died, from comments intending to some understanding of what that death involved . Boa and Bowman noted that the Bible often used the words â€Å"expire† â€Å"to breathe one’s last† to â€Å"depart† â€Å"to be no more† â€Å"to be gathered to one’s people or fathers† â€Å"to sleep† â€Å"to lie down with one’s fathers† â€Å"to be cut off from the land† and â€Å"to perish. † While the use of these terms for death may vary in the interpretation, yet death generally means the termination of the physical life. According to the Standard International Bible Encyclopedia, death is a consequence of sin. It stated that in contrast with a long life which has been viewed in the Old Testament as a blessing, death is seen as a disaster. This condition depicts the worse condition of the human being as aside from making life more miserable, life is now uncertain. This clearly illustrated in the following lines, Death, though come into the world through sin, is nevertheless at the same time a consequence of man’s physical and frail existence now; it could therefore be threatened as a punishment to man, because he was taken out of the ground and was made a living soul, of the earth earthy (Genesis 2:7; 1 Corinthians 15:45, 47). If he remained obedient, he would have returned to dust but have pressed forward on the spiritual development (The International Standard Biblical Encyclopedia. Against this hopeless condition, Paul states that despite the entrance of sin into the world through one man and death through sin which rendered man hopeless as he was incapable of restoring his previous relations with God, Paul now asserts in verse 15 that the God himself has taken the initiative to reach out with men. Pau states, â€Å"But the gift is not like the trespass. † The gift of grace (which shall also be discussed later) of God according to Paul was far greater than all the effects of sin. The Revised English Bible translation clearly made this striking difference between the effect of sin and the gift of grace of God. REB puts it, â€Å"God’s act of grace is out of all proportion to Adam’s wrong doing. For if the wrong doing of that one man brought death upon so many, its effect is vastly exceeded by the grace of God and the gift that came to so many by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ. † Here the effect of sin and death in the human being is clearly outweighed by the grace of God in Jesus Christ. The Law and Grace There were various kinds of law that the ancient Jews held sacred during the Old Testament times. Among them and the most important were the Torah or the ceremonial laws, and the Decalogue which given by God to Moses in Exodus 20: 1-17. While the Torah of the Old Testament presents a more complicated moral admonition that were difficult for state enforcement however, Baker’s Evangelical Dictionary of theology asserts that the state is silent â€Å"about state enforcement or specifies God rather than the state as the enforcer. † Under this law enforcement, the book of Deuteronomy has various laws and regulations which require strict obedience. While the Decalogue (Greek word for the Ten Commandments) â€Å"represents minimum moral and religious requirements for those covenant relationship with God† it nevertheless demand absolute obedience. Because of this strict demand for obedience, the law has become the stumbling black for the Israelites because these laws were too much for them to obey literally and word for word. Paul say’s the law served as a mirror for sin by which the Israelite can reflect on the holiness of God. The Israelites particularly found it to heavy to obey the law, perhaps not only because the law was intended to be all encompassing, but because of their adjustment from practically secular Egyptian values or laws, they could hardly follow the divine laws. They were miserable with regards to obedience to the law. This lead Paul to conclude in Roman chapter 8, that the law was powerless because it weakened by the sinful nature of the human being. Thus, the law was unable to address the divine requirements instead; it served as the vehicle for sin to dominate mankind. It is in this context that God’s grace through Jesus Christ came into the scene to rescue every human being from the serious consequences of sin which death.

Racism in the Work Place

Racial discrimination at the workplace is, unfortunately, becoming common. It exists in workplaces across the world. With globalization and better work opportunities, people are traveling across to other countries and settling down. Their culture, traditions, interests, beliefs differ from that of the locals and this leads to a conflict of interest, of sorts. This can lead to racial discrimination at places of work, community, schools and so on. On April 14, 2005, the class action lawsuit Gonzalez v. Abercrombie & Fitch, was granted final approval settlement. The settlement requires the retail clothing giant to pay $50 million, less attorneys' fees and costs, to Latino, African American, Asian American and female applicants and employees who charged the company with discrimination. The settlement also requires the company to institute a range of policies and programs to promote diversity among its workforce and to prevent discrimination based on race or gender. Abercrombie & Fitch is a clothing retailer marketing to young adults, teenagers and children. It employs over 22,000 employees, most of whom are college-age adults, in over 700 stores throughout the United States. The settlement agreement also contains provisions related to the recruitment, hiring, job assignment, training, and promotion of Abercrombie & Fitch, Hollister, and Abercrombie Kids employees. The provisions include; †¢ A new Office and Vice President of Diversity, responsible for reporting to the CEO on Abercrombie’s progress toward fair employment practices. †¢ The hiring of 25 recruiters who will focus on and seek women and minority employees. Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) and Diversity Training for all employees with hiring authority. †¢ A new internal complaint procedure. †¢ Abercrombie marketing materials that will reflect diversity by including members of minority racial and ethnic groups. In addition, Abercrombie created a $40 million Settlement Fund for distribution to individual class members. This will total approximately $ 10 million, bringing the total amount Abercrombie must pay to approximately $50 million. The young men and women who applied to work at Abercrombie should have been judged on their qualifications, and not their skin color or gender. The class action settlement compensates class members for being subjected to the challenged practices and ensures that Abercrombie will improve its employment practices and diversity efforts nationwide. Given that Abercrombie is a nationwide store, only proves that even today discrimination is very common and everyone should take a stand against it.

Drugs and Alcohol on campus ( I DONT WANT ALCOHOL ON CAMPUS) Research Paper

Drugs and Alcohol on campus ( I DONT WANT ALCOHOL ON CAMPUS) - Research Paper Example Though seemingly obvious, it has caused havoc among institutions’ leadership, governments, and policy makers. Despite the enormous knowledge gained from campus on the great discoveries in the world, American history and quantum physics, most of them do not comprehend the looming health problems that are associated with alcohol and other drugs use. In fact, some students consider this behavior as a show of might and fame. As a campus student, I know the problem is wide spread in campuses, or at least in my campus, as close to 88% of my fellow students use alcohol and other drugs. It goes for other campuses across the country, and the globe at large. Applying simple arithmetic calculations, this estimate translates to 9 out of ten campus students being users of alcohol and other drugs. Now, these figures are shocking if we consider the risks involved with alcoholism and substance abuse like road accidents to social crime like rape, all resulting from intoxicated minds. In extreme circumstances, health conditions like cirrhosis and a variety of cancer may be the result. Adding pain to injury, most of the alcohol products and drugs are available within the campus environment! I have witnessed several colleagues of mine in campus publically drinking and smoking in their â€Å"hide zones† that are apparently not so hidden. From a personal sober point of view, alcohol and drugs use should be banned from campuses considering the fact that these are the institutions that the society has confidence in molding the future leaders. I envision walking inside campus environment without the somewhat ugly scenes of drunken students, or students getting high on drugs before attending lectures. I believe this is achievable with a well-organized plan, which would be to ban all the suppliers and cartels that avail these products within the campus environment. Campus administration should also design, implement, and enforce a set of

General Linear Model Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

General Linear Model - Coursework Example The research question was "What factors seem to be related to whether or not a child is classified as SEN" This author hypothesised that the main factor related to whether or not a child is classified as SEN would be test scores (APS). A search of relevant scholarly literature found that other factors, particularly low social economic status, and cultural-linguistic factors has been shown to increase the proportion of students classified as SEN. The model used was a GLM log one. The two main variables from the hypothesis - APS and SEN - was completed in R 2.7.0 to model the expected relationship. Further analysis including charts and tables was done to examine the correlation between SES factors (such as being eligible for free school meals), and whether or not a child is classified as SEN. Additional work was completed to discover the relationship between whether or not a child is classified as SEN and socio-linguistic factors (Mother tonge and ethnicity). An important issue for this statistical analysis is understanding the variables and the effect of other factors (both available in the dataset and ones not contained within the dataset). Blindly plugging variables into a copied statistical model and performing an analysis based on those is of little to no practical or even theoretical use. The following two sections (2.1 and 2.2) provided some context and background research on factors affecting the mis-identification of students needing special education services. Such factors help explain why a correlation between one or more explainatory variables (i.e. test scores or school grades) and the response variable (in receipt of special education services) is not as strong as one would expect. 2.1 Low Achievement vs Learning Disabilities. One of the frequently occurring reasons why students are referred for special education services is for having a learning disability. "Learning disability (LD) is a condition characterized by the occurrence within an otherwise adequate level of intellectual functioning of one or more specific deficits in the cognitive processes that undergird learning." (Blair, C. And K. G. Scott, 2002). The diagnosis of having a learning disability has increased in the past few decades. In the United States the rate of identification and placement in special education services, has doubled between 1982 and 2002 (Lewit & Baker, 1996).Much of this increase can be attributed to the increased awareness and acceptance of this invisible disability as a real special need requiring special education services. (Formally, students were told "If only you'd apply yourself and try harder."). However, as mentioned above some of the increase in referral and identification is likely due to other, non-LD factors cau sing a mis-identification. Statistical analysis published in 2002 by Clancy Blair and Keith G. Scott "indicated that 30% of LD placements among boys and 39% of LD placements among girls were attributable to what can be considered low-SES markers." This section discusses the situation where low achievement (LA) from resulting from low social economic status (SES), results in students being misidentified as having a learning

The perils of falling inflation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The perils of falling inflation - Article Example America also suffered the same consequences as Europe, where it was reported in September that the inflation rate dropped from 2% to 1.2% in July, and it has stayed like that for a period of time, this led Federal Reserve propose to loosen the monetary policy, they argued that this policy was working with other economies such as Japan which had not experienced low inflation for the last 15 years. Britain was seen as the only rich economy where inflation rate was doing well on an average of 2.7% overall. Therefore, this article studies the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the circulation of income in rich economies such as Europe and America. This can be the best method of stabilization when it comes to issues of policies in any given economy (Addison 1987).it Experimental analyses has received very little concentration among macroeconomists Disaggregate variables are analyzed to recognize the repercussion of restriping the macroeconomic models, but they are not measur ed as alternative helpful information. The paper tries to determine which common aggregate variables explain the pattern of relationship among individual income and macroeconomic shocks. The paper uses several measures of macroeconomic shocks which include Gross National Products (GNP) growth, real devaluation rate, unemployment, and inflation rate. All the indicators seem to affect income inequality to some extent, higher inflation reduces sectoral and education income for all populations. Aggregate variables to consider in the paper are displayed in the figure 1 below. Figure 1: Dynamic index models, sectoral income Gross National Product (GNP) (I) Surveys show consumers still expect medium term inflation to be at their reach or above the central bank’s target of 2%.but if the economy will experience high unemployment, wages and prices are eventually likely to fall. Ultra-low inflations have dangerous effects, where it tends to go with weaker economies and higher than neces sary joblessness. For example, America unemployment rate is 7.2%, Spains26.6% and France 11.1%.this means that the nominal incomes will experience slow growth than when the prices would have raised. This pushes household and governments debts impossible to pay, especially to economies with a single currency. Trade liberation mostly touched on exports promotion and imports liberalization, with reduction in tariffs for imports and attractive incentives for foreign Investments, will be an advantage to countries with a single currency like Spain and Italy to compete with big economies such as Germany with the inflation rate of 1.3%, which undermines it ability to combat more recession. This lead to the increase in fixed investments up to 30% and over as indicated in Figure 1.the changes reflects to have an increment or rise of the unemployment rate, although a recovery in economic activities would be realized after implementation of the reforms .most Rich

Testing the use of the checklist in the operation room Essay

Testing the use of the checklist in the operation room - Essay Example This study evaluated the use of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist, that impact of operating room briefings on coordination of care. Data were prospectively collected in the cesarean section OR with C’ section patients and the outcome of eleven cases of patients undergoing this operation was gathered and analyzed after direct observation of the OR checklist was applied . Findings suggested that in the general operation room, the checklist was used. In contrast, in the operation room of the labor department,the checklist tool was not used . To increase the probability of achieving patient safety and minimal errors when implementing the use of checklist tool, such as World Health Organization’s Surgical Safety Checklist, the integration between OR members of the different professions and teamwork must be enhanced. Key words: checklist, WHO surgical safety checklist. . Introduction and statement of the problem The nursing leadership needed to evaluate the possibility of edu cating all the healthcare professionals on the use of a safety checklist and to gain an increased awareness of the challenges and solutions connect with such an effort. The obstetric patient safety CNS at Johns Hopkins Hospital wanted to study the reasons why the OR checklist was not being used. ... It also helps to improve communication and guarantee safe and standardized procedure, by this means minimizing error. Overcoming barrier to implementation of the checklist in the OR was growing. Lack of using the checklist therefore led to the increase of the above mentioned defects. The organization started testing the checklist over a year ago and they provided information for all caregivers teams regarding their attitudes toward the use of a surgical checklist. Still not all team members related that they were aware of the checklist and its purpose and they were not using the resource. The use of the checklist did not become part of the culture of the unit. Some team members were / and are resistant to checklists. Support for use of apre-operative checklist to increase patient safety has been described. In a study by Nilsson, Lindbergt, Gupta &Vegfros (2010), staff awareness of the benefit of the use of a checklist and attitudes towards the use of a checklist improved after one ye ar. Assessment Organizational need According to JHU nursing leadership, there was a need for all OB and OR team members know each other as the research supported that this would make people more willing to speak up if they perceived a certain problem during the case. The team members also needed to have a shared mental model regarding the scope of the case and the plan of care for the patient after the case. It was viewed that most nurses did not make good use of the checklist. The use of the checklist also goes a long way in helping the nurses remember to cover all the basics. This is because not everyone has the ability to memorize all that is required. The operating rooms are highly procedural environments that require surgical teams to be very meticulous (Hayes, 2012). Clinical

Effects of Platelet-rich Plasma Injections on the Ulnar Collateral Thesis

Effects of Platelet-rich Plasma Injections on the Ulnar Collateral Ligament in Baseball Pitchers - Thesis Example ...†¦11 a. Inclusion criteria †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦11 b. Subjects and sample size†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦...12 c. Formulation of questionnaire†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 d. Questionnaire design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..15 4. Data analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.19 a. Patient demographics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..19 b. History of injury†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.19 c. Current level of competition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.22 d. Evaluati on of physical fitness of the elbow†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..22 5. Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦24 6. Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦27 a. Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦27 b. Shortcomings and Limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.28 c. Future Perspectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..29 7. Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.31 a. Tables †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.31 i. Table 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.32 ii. Table 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.33 iii. Table 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.36 iv. ... Figure 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.46 v. Figure 5†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.47 vi. Figure 6†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.48 vii. Figure 7†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.49 viii. Figure 8†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.50 8. Works Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦51 [Student’s Name] [Instructor’s Name] [Course Title] 25 May 2015 Effects of Platelet-rich Pl asma Injections On the Ulnar Collateral Ligament in Baseball Pitchers Abstract Among sports-related injuries, tears in the Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) are a major cause of concern. Such injuries are particularly common in sports that involve overhead throwing, like baseball, cricket, javelin and racket sports. Most UCL injuries are localized in the elbow joint. These injuries manifest as painful swellings and lead to elbow instability, rendering the sufferer incapable of playing any further. Thus, UCL injuries are also considered as the end of a sportsman’s career. Owing to modern science, many treatment modalities are now available for the treatment of UCL injuries, ranging from physical therapies to surgical interventions. Most minor injuries resolve on their own over time, often requiring only a minor period of rest. However, severe injuries demand surgical replacement of the ulnar collateral ligament. Recent advances in biomedical sciences have introduced novel modes of treatment that induce self-healing of the soft tissues in the patients. One such treatment is the use of Platelet rich plasma, derived from the patient’s own blood. PRP is rich platelets that release growth factors, which accelerate the

New Public Management, Stakeholder Theory 1, Stakeholder Theory 2 Essay

New Public Management, Stakeholder Theory 1, Stakeholder Theory 2 - Essay Example This is being targeted by aiming to improve the overall performance functionality of the organization at hand. The main areas of target include eradicating the negative energies and low productivity of the organization, bringing about more advancements in terms of scientific and technological domain, creating an environment of global ambiance where decisions are taken in due consideration of outside elements involved, and finally the element of treating the citizens as customers where their demand and satisfaction is the top priority beyond anything else. Striving for improved output out of overall scenario is core function and objective of new public management scheme. Transparent operations, more participation, better results were few of the concepts and aims that were based on the idea of new public management. N.P.M’s origin can be traced back to days and decade after the Second World War. Economic prosperity and awareness towards people’s services in the developing parts of the world brought about this process and made it further speedy with the kind of opportunities and benefits it promised. Decentralization of the organization, clear roles definition, tasks accomplishment, stakeholders concerns addressing, reduction in overheads and costs of various form, better customers’ communication means, all these are the areas stressed and focused under the domain of new public management. N.P.M has largely been accepted because it gave a new dimension to the concept of people’s service and better outcomes in form of organizational operations with low inventory, low overheads and higher throughputs(HOOD 1991). N.P.M is often termed as a tool and weapon which will enable better outcome in any kind of organization with customers at back end., however the main focus is that of governmental institute with focus on reforming the pillar of bureaucracy in a holistic way by making it more effective and bringing the true value out of

Project Management Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Management - Research Proposal Example However, the constructions of infrastructure projects are always encroached with project delays and increased costs. These projects rarely go to completion as a result of these project delays and increased costs. Infrastructure construction projects worldwide have been reported to encounter delays and increased costs. Stakeholders normally have an input into these delays and increased costs. The most common reason for project delays and cost overrun is design errors (Ambituuni, 2011). Project designs play an important role as it serves to achieve good technical input to aid in execution of the project. Errors in project design caused by the project owners and contractors means that there will be wrong or insufficient application of techniques thus achieving no results. Suppliers of materials also cause project delay and increased costs through late delivery of construction materials to the construction site. Late delivery can be attributed to shortage or unavailability of these mater ials in the market. Employees that work in the construction projects do not have the necessary skills that are suitable for the job. Shortage of skilled labour leads to substandard work which in turn contributes to project delays and increased costs (Kikwasi, 2012). Government actions or legislations sometimes cause delays in obtaining permit from the relevant authorities; discrepancies between design specification and building code contribute to project delays and increased costs (Fugar & Agyakwah- Baah, 2010). Infrastructure construction projects in the Transport for London is important in promoting national economic growth and competitiveness. In my opinion, effective transport system enables people to access essential services such as healthcare, education, travelling to employment places and the transportation and selling of goods. A country’s effective transport system ultimately leads to improved social development and economic growth. The construction sector plays an important role in the London economy as it generates a good percentage of the Gross Domestic Product and also in job creation. The construction sector is a major consumer of intermediate products such as raw materials, chemicals, electrical and electronic equipment among other related services. Transport for London construction sector could contribute to the creation of employment opportunities through extension of activities in areas such as renovation of buildings while also playing an important role in the delivery of Europe 2020 strategy on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. The construction industry provides job seekers with extensive career opportunities with growth being projected from laborers to construction managers. The construction industry has also demonstrated a strong commitment to workforce development in that the key stakeholders including employers, trade associations and labor-management organizations are heavily involved in the apprenticeship programs. Thes e programs ensure that employees have the necessary

Week 3, Learning Team - Aggregate Demand and Supply Models - Economic Critique Essay Example for Free

Week 3, Learning Team Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Economic Critique Essay An Economic Critique of Aggregate Demand and Supply Models The recent fall of the United States economy has created a society of fear, insecurity, and doubtful investors, retirees, and consumers world-wide. Economists from around the world have come together to solve world-wide economic issues and bring stability back to businesses, households, and the government. Economics teaches you how to approach problems; it does not provide what is right or what is wrong, nor does it provide you with a definitive answer. Consistent evaluation of economic factors like unemployment, economic expectations, consumer income, and interest rates, can prove to be highly effective. Unemployment Rate The unemployment rate steadily has declined over the last three years; there was a difference of 1.6% from July 2011 to July 2013. In July 2011 the unemployment rate was at 9% while in July 2013 it was reported at 7.4% so there was a decline of 1.6% (Bureau of Labor Statistics: The Employment Situation, 2013). The unemployment rate lowering over the last three years has been a positive thing for the United States economy because it means more jobs were created in 2013 and thus more people are working. The positive upturn in the unemployment rate would means that the household income has increased and there is more spending money power available. Even though there is some positive feedback in the unemployment rate numbers there are still other issues that affect the economy and still need to be dealt with like the government budget cut, which could produce more businesses taxes. The economy is on a slow but steady up-swing do to job creations, which has caused the unemployment rates t o lower for the last three years. Some job markets have created new jobs like the retail and service market but other have not improved at all like the manufacturing and health care markets. The important thing is that there are more jobs being created and the unemployment rate is lowering. Expectations In the current economy, many Americans are concerned that a rebound is still many years away. The hope and expectation appears to be that a new Presidential administration will help turn the tide on the depressed economy. However, expectations do not appear to be overzealous as Americans still witness home foreclosures, job layoffs, bankruptcies, and an increase in requests for public assistance. The average American still seems to be overwhelmed with these economic issues, whether on a personal basis or among friends and family. There are numerous factors affecting consumer income during the current economic recession. The aggregate demand effects are the Keynes’ interest rate effect and the Mundell-Fleming exchange-rate effect. It is often mentioned that the aggregate demand arch is a sliding slope, since the lesser price levels, a greater amount is required. These factors are the existing factors on aggregate demand and supply. The Obama administration has a few strategies to join our economic growth and our fiscal prospects by stimulating a sound profitable recovery, taking initiative toward bringing down the deficiency and placing a foundation and contain health care costs.  "Experience suggests that the tough choices that are necessary to put the budget into what economists call â€Å"primary balance† – a situation where taxes and expenditures cover each other, excluding interest payments, or what is essentially equivalent, a situation where the debt-to-GDP ratio can stabilize – will require the cooperation of both political parties. Experience suggests that achieving this kind of cooperation will require deliberation outside the immediate cut and thrust of political debate (Reflections on Fiscal Policy and Economic Strategy, 2010). The Keynesian perspective is often focused on immediate results in economic theories. Policies focus on the short-term needs and how economic policies can make instant correction to a nation’s economy. â€Å"Classical economics focuses on creating long-term solutions for economic problems. The effects of inflation, government regulation and taxes can all play an important part in developing clas sical economic theories. Classical economists also take into account the effects of other current policies and how new economic theory will improve or distort the free market environment (Differences Between Classical Keynesian Economics, 2013). Consumer Income As of June 2013, median household incomes were up $598 month-over-month and $960 year-over-year. According to U.S. Department of Commerce (2013), â€Å"wages and salaries, the largest component of personal income, increased 0.5 percent in June after increasing 0.3 percent in May.† Personal expenditure is the vast element to aggregate demand. It is set on a household’s disposable income. There will be a shift to the left on aggregate demand if consumers buy more output at the price level. The current fiscal policy in place as it relates to consumer income states that the government can increase or decrease taxes on household income. An increase in taxes means a decrease in disposable income, because it will take money out of households. The opposite holds true if there is a decrease in taxes, because it will leave households with more money. Disposable income accounts for two-thirds of total demand. Economist had forecast a 0.1% rise, but reports show that spending fell 0.2% in May 2013 when adjusted for inflation. It is suggested that consumers pulled back from spending due to a weak income data. During periods of recession, the Keynesian theory recommends that Congress should increase government spending and decrease taxes to give households more disposable income to purchase more products, simultaneously. Through these methods of fiscal policy, the rise in aggregate demand stimulates businesses to increase production, employ more workers, and increase household incomes, enabling them to buy more. The classical theory concept known as â€Å"free market† requires little to no government intervention. This allows consumers to act in their own self-interest in regards to economic decisions. In the current issues regarding consumer income, Keynesian theory has been proven effective as shown in the increase of income and the shift in aggregate demand. If the current state of the U.S. consumer income remains on course, there should be a steady climb household disposable income. Interest Rates Based on my finding, as an international reporter, it was disclosed that interest rates have been the primary macroeconomic indictor of our economy today. It is an aggregate figure that represents how the present banks and financial sector operate on a national and regional economy level. So what is an interest rate, According to Colander (2010), Chapter 13, â€Å"Interest rates — the prices that are charged or paid for the use of a financial asset —are key variables in the financial sector.† It’s the rate of the cost of borrowing money, which reflects both the supply and demand of United States currency at a particular time. Therefore, after critiquing the current state of the U.S. economy interest rate, it was uncovered that monetary policy plays a major part in the decision making. This is why, According to Colander (2010), Chapter 13, â€Å"Money is a highly liquid financial asset that’s generally accepted in exchange for other goods, is used as a reference in valuing other goods, and can be stored as wealth.† It’s the Federal Reserve that uses the supply of money to regulate the current interest rate, which affects the cost of borrowing money to regulate the economy. According to Colander (2010), Chapter 13, â€Å"Federal Reserve Bank (the Fed) — the U.S. central bank whose liabilities (Federal Reserve notes) serve as cash in the United States.† Therefore, borrowing money is really known as interests’ rate that is set by the Federal Reserve that affects the rates on credit cards and home mortgages. In this current state of the U .S. economy, it has affected the interest rate and the exchanged rate; this is where the Fiscal policy has become a major factor. This policy has macroeconomic implications beyond consumer spending. In fact, when the government runs a deficit, it has to borrow from investors by issuing treasury bonds. Therefore, when the government competes with others borrowers, such as corporation, or consumer saving this will affect the raising of the interest rate. So in result, this policy recommendation should be setting interest rate sufficiently to attract investors and their money, so the government can have the cash to cover the budget deficits. Conclusion In conclusion, the economy plays an important role in all the markets and sectors whether it is with the government, households, or businesses. Each sector or market affects the other since it is a never ending cycle that affects job creation, consumer, and business spending power, and government spending. Economists study to prevent recessions and keep our economy on a positive cycle with continuous growth and spending power. In order to do this, businesses, government, and household need to continue spending to provide jobs for people. The people in turn will continue spending providing more money spending power. The government needs to analyze situations to prevent financial crisis and have ways to strength our economy (Colander, 2010). Everyone needs to play their part for continuous growth and prosperity. References U.S. Department of Commerce. (2013). Personal income and outlays, June 2013. Retrieved from http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/pi/pinewsrelease.htm Bureau of Labor Statistics: The Employment Situation. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf Colander, David. C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Reflections on Fiscal Policy and Economic Strategy. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/nec/speeches/fiscal-policy-economic-strategy. Differences Between Classical Keynesian Economics. (2013). Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/differences-between-classical-keynesian-economics-3897.html

History of sony ericsson as a company

History of sony ericsson as a company EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sony Ericsson is a joint venture of Sony and Ericsson which take place in October 1st, 2001. They starts work together because they wants to become the communication entertainment brand, by inspiring people to do more than just communicate, and enabling everyone to create and participate in entertainment experiences. Experiences that blur the lines between communication and entertainment.    Sony Ericssons main head office is in London. In this report we cover topics like main objective behind this joint venture, main strategies behind this joint venture, what motivates them to make this joint venture, why this joint venture was not as much successful, what problems they faced in the start of this joint venture and how they could make this successful by considering strategies which we describe. INTRODUCTION Sony Ericsson got in to alliance on 1st October 2001 and the main objective of this alliance was to be the worlds leading position in mobile phones. SONY In 1946 Sony Corporation were founded by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita. G-TYPE recorder (Tape player or recorder) was the first hardware device created by Ibuka and Morita in 1950.   From Western Electric they earned licensing rights to transistor. Sony released first pocket transistor radio in 1957. There engineers completed cathode-ray tube in October 15, 1967 that helps them in video innovation. They introduced Trinitron television for picture quality and for the penetration in the global market they design this in 1968. Its Japanese multinational company, and its one of the leading manufacturers of electronics, products for the consumer and professional markets. Basically it is a leading manufacturer of audio, video, game, communications and information technology products for the consumer and professional markets. Sony is uniquely positioned to be a leading personal broadband entertainment company in the world. ERICSSON Ericsson was founded in 1876 by Lars Magnus. He started making phones with the potential of improvements in technology. Ericsson is shaping the future of Mobile and Broadband Internet communications through its continuous technology leadership, like they are providing innovative solutions in more than 140 countries. Ericsson is the only company in the world offering systems for all major mobile communication standards, actively promoting standardization and open systems. REASONS FOR JOINT VENTURE The main reason for the venture was to integrate Sonys consumer electronics expertise with Ericssons technological knowledge in the communications sector. Ericsson was the buying chips from single source that was Philips. A fire erupted causing a huge loose at Philips, due to which Philips was unable to provide the chips to Ericsson. Ericsson faced a huge loss due to this incident. There were rumors that Ericsson might sale its handset division but it found a way to join hands with Sony which could help it to recover. The Vision of the Company is: â€Å"To become the communication entertainment brand, by inspiring people to do more than just communicate, and enabling everyone to create and participate in entertainment experiences. Experiences that blur the lines between communication and entertainment.† HISTORY OF SONY ERICSSON AS A COMPANY Joint Venture of Sony Ericsson starts from October 1st, 2001. The basic ambition behind this joint venture is to provide their expertise for the establishment of Sony Ericsson products in the mobile phone manufacturing industry. Sony was the marginal player in the mobile phone market with the share of less than one percent, but Ericsson was at 3rd position and was successful in mobile phone manufacturing industry. Due to fire at the Philips factory who were the single source supplier of Ericsson, this incident creates a huge impact at the performance of Ericsson. Company couldnt fulfill the dead lines of orders completion and due to this Ericssons market share fell down, because they were relining on only one supplier. MOTIVATION BEHIND THIS JOINT VENTURE Joint venture often taken place because of Transaction Cost Economics, because in this cost of sole ownership of an organization is greater than the joint ownership of an organization. This is also the main reason of this joint venture because Sony wanted some edge in mobile phone industry and Ericsson wanted to save its mobile phone manufacturing business. Resource-based view is another factor that motivates Sony and Ericsson to make a joint venture. According to this point of view firm make alliance because of tangible and intangible valuable resources this creates a unique competitive edge in the industry that couldnt be imitable by any other competitor; this could also help for the improvement of performance. Like Sony wanted technical knowhow of communication technology from Ericsson and Ericssons wanted new technology of Sony that will help them in the market competition, thats why they starts work together and make combination of both company technologies. Another motivational factor is organizational learning or knowledge because this also motivates Sony and Ericsson for making this alliance. With the help of this companys could easily acquire each others skills and capabilities that could also help organizations to make a new and innovative product with low cost that is also Sony Ericssons objective of alliance. Strategic Management is also the motivational factor of this alliance, which were used by both Sony and Ericsson companies. Both companies make this alliance because they wanted to make a competitive edge in the mobile phone manufacturing industry and also to maximize profits. Thats why they design symmetrical strategy for the attainment of final goal. Sony were interested in this joint venture because they wanted to entre in mobile phone manufacturing industry and Ericsson entered in this joint venture because they were worlds number three mobile phone maker and they were facing huge loss due to fire at Philips plant who was the sole supplier of Ericsson, so they wanted to become a successful in mobile phone manufacturing industry. Sony knows that Ericsson have access knowledge about technology in communication sector and this could help them in entrance of this industry. Sony Ericsson after making this joint venture stopped making their separate mobile products and starts working together. Sony form alliance with LM Ericsson. Before formal announcement of this joint venture, many news papers published that this joint venture will cover the wide range of areas such as development, manufacturing and marketing of mobile phones. They sets target of expansion of Sony Ericsson products to the major markets of Europe, Japan, other parts of Asia and United States. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this joint venture is â€Å"to develop an alliance that would allow Ericsson to reduce spending on the costly development of next generation mobile phones at a time when many European telecom companies see their inventories piling up as the worlds cell phone market is growing much more slowly.† STRATEGY Sony Ericssons strategy was to release new models capable of digital photography as well as other multimedia capabilities such as downloading and viewing video clips and personal information management capabilities. When they start as a Sony Ericsson company they released many models which were new and innovative mobiles, main features of those mobiles were digital photography, downloading facilities etc. There key innovations are cheap camera phones, cross platform technology, operating system experimentation and there milestone handsets are Sony Ericsson T610 in 2003, Sony Ericsson P900 in 2003, Sony Ericsson W800i in 2005, Sony Ericsson K800i Cyber-shot in 2007, Sony Ericsson W910i in 2007. Up till 2008 Sony Ericssons numbers of employees are approximately 9,400 worldwide and their employees on contract bases are 2,500. Since October 2009, president of company is Bert Nordberg and CEO and President is Sir Howard Stringer. Chairman of the board is Sony Corporation. PROBLEMS THE JV HAS ENCOUNTERED SINCE THE FORMATION The joint venture faces losses in the start, their targeted date of making profit were shifted from 2002 to 2003. They couldnt fight the main competitors of mobile phone manufacturing industry and came at fifth position in the market. The main problem behind this loss was there misrepresentation of their product in the market. Its necessary that companies go for innovations and provide satisfied product to customers but its also important that we should also know that customers always want something new and different. So to provide them new and different mobiles company should always go for best Research and Development tools and techniques. Because if your R D department is not up-to-date, it means that you are not providing products to customers which they really want. The second main problem which they were facing that they could not catered different markets effectively, because after making joint venture they starts working without get to know that what really customer needs and wants are. So due to this lack of information their products starts facing losses and then they had to remove their product line from the markets. Like in 2002 they stop manufacturing Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) mobile phones for the market of United States and starts focusing on GSM as a dominant technology, due to this change in US and Germany number of jobs cut in research and development department. The third problem they were facing was they invest a lot without get to know that what market situations now-a-days are. Like in 2003 mobile phone prices starts declining but still Sony Ericsson were making expensive mobiles, due to this they couldnt make as much profits as they were expected. They are facing problems because they are focusing at cost-cutting programs and job losses. In June 2008, they were having 12,000 employees and after launched this cost-cutting program it had slashed its global workforce by around 5,000 people. R D is an important department for any organization and it play an important role for mobile phone manufacturing companies, but Sony Ericsson take this as a cost and closed R D departments which were working globally like Chadwick House, Birchwood (Warrington) in UK; Miami, Seattle, San Diego and RTP (Raleigh, NC) in the USA; the Chennai Unit (Tamil Nadu) in India; Hassleholm and Kista in Sweden and operations in the Netherland, UIQ centers in London and Budapest were also closed. Due to this change they couldnt manufacture innovative products for customers and this is the main reason behind the failure of this joint venture. WHY JOINT VENTURE IS NOT SUCCESSFUL? Joint ventures often failed because company not build customer base products, due to which customers switched to other competitive products that provides them more reliable and innovative products. This is also the main reason of failure of joint venture of Sony Ericsson. They were providing innovative products but marketing strategy was not as much effective that they could attract customers. They were not providing the advanced versions of mobiles as much early as other competitors of mobile phone manufacturing were providing. There R D was slow as compared to other mobile phone manufacturers. They were not focusing at proactive approach, they were also not productive reactive. So due to this they were facing problems.  Ã‚   Joint venture always successful if company set a target, because it shows that in which direction they are moving. Sony Ericsson also faces the problem of not meeting the set date profit, due to which they face loss. So its necessary that target should already be explained and company works together for the achievement of target. This joint venture is also not as much successful because Sony wants results as early as possible and Ericssons were not making profits as per expectations, so due to this they starts cut number of jobs and also remove Research and Development departments which were working globally, due to this they couldnt make innovative products according to customer needs. And when any technical business dont have R D department that helps organization in the development then how they could move in the industry successfully. Sony Ericsson s joint venture was not as much successful because they were not working for the attainment of goals which were designed after the joint venture, both were worried for their individual goals like Sony was worried because they wanted market share in mobile phone manufacturing industry and Ericsson was worried because they wanted their industry reputation back. So thats why they were facing problems. STRATEGIESUSED TO ADDRESS THE JV PROBLEMS According to our analysis Sony Ericsson must follow these strategies that will help them to gain a long term market share and it will also help them to make a successful joint venture in future: First step they should have to take place that they conduct the depth analysis of different markets according to different countries, that will help them to get to know that what particular region related customers are expected from them and what they could provide them according to customer expectations. Sony Ericsson must make a connection to customers that will help them to get market share in the mobile phone manufacturing industry. They should have to conduct regular meetings to their customers, with the help of this they could get to know that what their customers really think about their business, what type of products they really want and how they could provide them products according to their perceptions that satisfies them. By listening process they could find that what potential needs are of customers and how they could provide them effective solutions. By using feedback technique they could also remain in connection to their potential customers, this could be more effective if it could be done periodically. There must be a coordination among all business units this will help them to bring a product that will satisfy needs of customers and that will be unique. They must have a strong marketing campaign that will create a positive impact on overall business, because good representation of product attracts customer. They should also have to use social marketing outlets like Facebook, Google etc for the promotion of their products; this will enhance its public exposure.

Endangered Species :: essays research papers

Endangered Species   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One example that can affect mankind if not foretell it, that seems small and insignificant, is the disappearance of frogs. In 1970, a science students was studying frogs. While collecting information out in a field, she had to take care not to step on any of the frogs that she was studying as there was so many of them. Two years later, all she encountered were a few dying frogs with puffy red legs. The frogs' immune systems had been destroyed and they fell sick easily. In 1979, not a frog was to be found in the once abundant habitat. Scientists were puzzled because the area was in the wilderness, away from development, housing, and all other forms of destruction. But, this problem was not just local. A worldwide decrease has been discovered as the frogs are becoming harder and harder to find. Besides obvious reasons such as development, a true explanation cannot be found. Some scientists speculate that the frogs are delivering a message to humans about the environ ment. The message is a warning about the decline of biodiversity and disintegration of the total environment. But, these frogs are disappearing from even the most remote and pristine places on earth. Scientists are worried because frogs are the ideal creature to reflect the health of the environment. Frogs move through their life cycles from water to land, from plant-eater to insect-eater, covered by only a thin, permeable layer of skin that offers no protection from the elements or predators. They represent the proverbial canary in the coal mine. These fragile organisms create a paradox as they have survived over 200 million years while others such as the dinosaurs and wholly mammoths. They are found throughout the world and exist in all types of climates. Because the frogs are hardy, the changes in the environment may be more drastic than they appear. A task force has been formed to further investigate these disappearances. The Declining Amphibians Task Force has more than 1000 re searchers in 40 countries. The members of the task force fear that the frogs will not be save. It is a commercial game of money. If even the cute animals cannot be saved, the chances of people falling in love with frogs is very slim. But, it is more than saving an organism that people like to have around or see. For example, frogs give insight to what the future environment holds for humans.

Physics of Rail Guns Essay -- physics weapon weapons rail gun

The concept of a rail gun is simple: two parallel bars connected to a power source produce an electric field. This electric field can be used to propel a projectile along the bars. If enough amperage is provided, the projectile can achieve velocities of up to 4 km/s. The U.S. Army has been interested in the potential of electromagnetic guns for quite some time. In 1988 the University of Texas Center for Electromagnetics began work on a 9 MJ range gun, which would be designed to launch 2-4 kg projectiles at velocities of up to 4 km/s. Design features of this range gun included up to 230 MJ stored energy, 6 kV and 3 MA peak output ratings, and a 9 shot repetitive fire capability. In the early 1990's, the U.S. Army, along with the Marine Corps, showed much interest in the Cannon Caliber Electromagnetic Gun System (CCEMG). This project seeks to demonstrate an elecrtomagnetic gun system designed from a system/mission prospective. The CCEMG showed a 3 times increase in energy and power density over the range gun system. The U.S. Army plans to produce electric tanks by the year 2015 with electromagnetic guns mounted on them. The all-electric tank would include electric vehicle drive and suspension and electric armaments. In this concept, the flywheel energy can be used as a flywheel battery to provide power for vehicle acceleration and regenerative braking, and will also produce electrical power for the electromagnetic armaments. This is the perfect example of how physics is still impacting the world in which we live. A rail gun in it's simplest form is a pair of conducting rails separated by a distance L and with one rail connected to the positive and one the negative side of a power source supplying voltage V and current I.... ...an use the right hand rule. Since all the angles involved are 90 degrees, the resultant force has a magnitude resulting from the simple multiplication of the magnitude of i and B and the value of L. (|F|=L|i||B|) To determine the direction, lay your right hand along the path of the current through the projectile, with your fingers pointing in the direction the current is travelling. Next, curl your fingers in the direction of the B field. Your thumb will now be pointing in the direction of the applied force. Bibliography 1. Jengel and Fatro's Rail Gun Page. http://home.insightbb.com/~jmengel4/rail/rail-intro.html 2. Pappas, John. University of Texas Center for Electromechanics http://www.utexas.edu/research/cem/ 3. MIT students. Amateur Rail Gun Production Journal http://www.railgun.org 4. United States Patent and Trademark Office http://www.uspto.gov/

And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie Essays -- Then There Were

And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie And Then There Were None, is an intriguing murder mystery novel that follows the lines of a poem called "Ten Little Indians". The story is intricately written to keep the reader in absolute suspense from the beginning to end. The novel involves eight people being mysteriously invited to spend a summer holiday on "Indian Island". Among the eight are a judge (Justice John Wargrave), doctor (Edward James Armstrong), military general (General John Macarthur), former inspector/current private detective (William Blore), mercenary (Phillip Lombard), young rich athlete (Tony Marston), religious woman (Emily Brent), and a schoolteacher (Vera Claythorne). Additionally, a married couple consisting of a butler (Thomas Rogers) and a maid (Ethel Rogers) are both already present on the island. With the exception of the Rogers', only the host, who is expected to arrive the next day, is absent. As the guests begin talking together, they discover that all of them were invited by a Mr. U.N. Owen. Wargrave surmises that their host's name is fictitious since it so closely resembles the word "unknown." The other guests agree, and tension begins to build. Another mystery is the fact that each of the guests has found a po em titled "Ten Little Indians" in each of their rooms, and mysteriously enough, it appears that there are ten small Indian statuettes arranged at the dinner table. It doesn't take long for each of the guests to realize that the poem and statuettes are representative for each of them. With passing of the first night's dinner, the group hears a mysterious voice condemning each one of them to a specific murder. A phonograph i... ...led, and even made comments to other guests that he was ready to die. In an absolute panic, Vera ends up killing Blore and then, not being able to deal with what is happening, she commits suicide. The last topic of discussion I found was the one pertaining to death. Death occurs continuously throughout the novel. After the guests realize that the other guests are not having mere accidents or killing themselves, they realize they are all going to die. With the exception of Wargrave, all of the island's guests die. Rather, they are all murdered. This was an exceptional novel, masterfully written to propel the reader into feeling the very same fears, doubts and suspicions as the characters. The only thing I didn't like was the fact that Wargrave is never found, nor is there a mention as to why his body is never found.

Shoe market

The up market for shoe industry refers to that segment of the market that prefers to buy expensive luxurious goods because they believe that they deserve quality and experience goods. This market is characterised by the need to buy quality products, the consumers in this up market believe that the high price of a brand of shoe is a sign of quality and therefore they will buy expensive goods.The prices in this kind of market is not determined by the cost of production but by the firm producing the market, the prices are higher than in the other shoe market and therefore consumers spend more on one pair of shoes and therefore the firms in this market will gain more from the consumer surplus they tap.In this market there are a variety of brands and consumers can choose their required product, these shoes are also stylish product in that they are made for consumers who are high income earners and therefore a firm in the industry will only need to market its brand and gain consumerâ€℠¢s attention.  This is a competitive market because of the existence of 15 markets in the industry however ony a few firms have introduced branding and pricing strategy aimed at those high income earners and therefore competition is high in the shoe industry, there is however free entry and exit by firms into the industry.Monopolistic competition:In a monopoly type of market there is only one firm in an industry and there exist barriers to entry and exit into the industry, the firm is also a price maker and not a price taker. In monopoly competition there exist several firms but the firms have little control over prices, there exist many firms in this type of market and each firm commands a small share of the market and therefore the prices are still determined not by demand and supply but by the firm.In the short run in the Greson case the firm will make abnormal profits but in the long run equilibrium this will not be possible as shown by the monopoly competition long run and sh ort run equilibrium:  The diagram below shows a monopoly competitive firm in the short run:  In the short run the firm price is far beyond the average cost and for this reason the firm makes abnormal profits.In the long run in a monopoly competition the equilibrium is as follows:  In the long run the price is equal to the average cost and therefore the firm does not make any abnormal profits, however the assumption underlying this diagram is that the industry has no barriers to entry. Similar essay: Homemade Shoe Polish From CharcoalReferences:Philip Hardwick (2004) Introduction to Modern Economics, Pearson Publishers, New YorkStratton (1999) Economics: A New Introduction, McGraw Hill Publishers, New York

Indian It Industry by Ipott Essay

The Indian software exports, as is well known, have grown from less than $100 million before 1990 to over $5 billion in 2000. What is not well known is that revenue per person per year has grown from less than $20,000 to over $50,000 in most large companies in the last five years. This is not simply due to ‘inflation’. Though the industry is still focused on tapping the huge software services market, most of the big players have moved from lower value services to higher value services. In the early days, the service was primarily providing technical manpower, which later moved to providing low-value services like coding and testing. Now Indian companies are operating even at the top end of the spectrum in terms of technology (Corba, Java, E-commerce, etc.) or the services (complete business solutions, consultancy, strategy, etc.). The high rates they command is an indication of the perceived value in the eyes of the customer of the services they provide. The amazing story of the Indian software industry has spread far and wide. Not only the developed countries but also other countries are equally impressed by the performance of the industry. From the presentations that representatives of various Asian and Latin American countries made in a recent workshop in China on ‘IT industry in developing countries’, it is evidently clear that many developing countries today want to emulate the Indian success story. Within India, however, many people continue to view the industry’s success with a mixture of admiration and skepticism. There is a lingering fear or doubt in the minds of many about whether the industry is inherently strong or is it just tapping a window of opportunity which will soon be tapped by other Asian countries with large population and better infrastructure. Given the state of almost everything else in the country, such doubts are not unreasonable. However, India Software Inc has developed some solid strengths that will continue to serve it well, and which will not be easy to emulate by others. We at iPOTT (www.ipott.com) initiated a SWOT, gathering information and opinion from the market. The summed up information is very beneficial for the understanding of the INDIAN SOFTWARE MARKET.

Van Gogh vs Salvador Dali

Van Gogh vs Salvador Dali The focus of the paper is to make a comparison and contrasts between Van Gogh's ‘Starry Night' and Salvador Dali's ‘Persistence of time'. While Van Gogh's theme formed the basis of expressionism in twentieth century, Dali initially became a leader of the Surrealist movement and later on developed interests in psychology and science, both movements influencing their beliefs and formal approaches in distinctive ways. The ‘Persistence of Time' is regarded as one of the most famous paintings of Salvador Dali. The painting is rendered in yellow, faint brown and blue colors and has earned a world-wide recognition for Dali.Like Van Gogh's ‘Starry Night' that shows typical moonlit scene in Saint-Remy asylum's neighborhood where he stayed for more than a year during his last period of life, Dali's painting resembles Port Lligat, his home. Dali uses sandy beaches and other imagery to which he had been exposed to as a child in his home town. Sim ilar to Van Gogh's ‘Starry Night', the ‘Persistence of Time' could have several interpretations. Although, some could be more meaningful, others remain elusive. The contents of Dali's ‘Persistence of Time' are not only puzzling but open to interpretation.Contrary to Van Gogh, Dali was also a philosopher, besides an artist as mostly known. While VanGogh's was expressionist, Dali was initially a surrealist and later on developed interests in psychology and science. ‘Persistence of Time' is no more than a collection of theme that are perception of time, reality, death, birth, and sexual desire. Orange clock placed on the rectangular table-like object is attacked by the ants show the anxiety related with time. This specific psychology as well as understanding of the reality of death could configure the viewer's behavior.Furthermore, Dali uses light in the painting, in contrast to Van Gogh's ‘Starry Night', for communicating themes of this painting. On the b asis of the arguments presented in the paper, it can be concluded that Van Gogh's ‘Starry Night' and Salvador's ‘Persistence of Time' although had some common aspects, themes of both Van Gogh and Salvador differ. While Van Gogh was an expressionist, Dali was initially a surrealist and later on developed interest in psychology and science, both movements influencing their beliefs and formal approaches in distinctive ways. Van GoghSalvador Dali

Understand own Role and Responsibilities in Lifelong Learning

There are many legislation requirements within the Further Education Sector. As a summary of the legislation requirements, some of those that are essential are Every Child Matters, The Equality Act 2010 and Safe Guarding Vulnerable Groups.Every Child Matters is a legislation requirement which was introduced in 2003 in response to the death of Victoria Climbie, who was murdered by her carers. An inquiry was launched by Lord Lamming to improve child protection issues and there are now five outcomes of which education establishments must ensure are achieved. They are that pupils are being healthy, staying Safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution and achieving social and economic well being.The Equality Act 2010 is an act which legally protects people from discrimination. It sets out ways in which it is unlawful to discriminate others. It has replaced previous discrimination laws by including them all in one act, making them easier to understand. Safe Guarding Vulnera ble Groups Act 2006 is an act which relates to the protection of children and vulnerable adults. The Act was brought about after an inquiry was made chaired by Sir Michael Bichard, relating to the Soham murders. Listed in the table below are a few other legislation requirements of which staff within the FE Sector should work towards:An overall summary of why codes of practice and legislation requirements are important within my role in the further education sector is that they help prevent any harm to people and secure a safe learning environment. L0 – 1.3 – EVALUATING RESPONSIBILITIES WITHIN THE FE SECTOR Whilst working in my role within the further education sector as a Music Tutor, there are many responsibilities that need to be maintained to ensure a safe and sufficient learning environment. They are as follows:INCLUSION: Inclusion is essential and it is important that I take individual students’ needs into account. For example some of my students are disabl ed so I have to plan lessons accordingly so that they are inclusive of everyone, whilst working towards the required criteria/curriculum. PROMOTE EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY: It is important that within my role I give every student a chance of success. In order to do this it is my responsibility to ensure everyone is treated equally and fairly. There are students from many different backgrounds in my teaching establishment so I must take this into account by adapting various things where necessary to suit the needs of their religion/beliefs or other requirements.SAFEGUARDING: It is my responsibility as a Music Tutor in the Further Education Sector to ensure students are safe within the learning environment by abiding by codes of practice and legislation requirements such as Every Child Matters. If I felt a student was at risk it would be my responsibility to take necessary action such as reporting it to relevant people. Exceptions would also be made regarding confidentiality if I felt th e student or others were at risk. PREPARATION: Lessons should be planned accordingly to suit the requirements of every student whilst ensuring any objectives and learning outcomes are met. In my role in particular there are students with many different requirements. Some are visually impaired and have various disabilities so it is my responsibility to ensure that lessons are tailored in order for them to achieve what is required.LO – 1.3 – EVALUATING ROLES WITHIN THE FURTHER EDUCATION SECTOR With regards to roles within the Further Education Sector, I have recently learnt that there are many roles required of an FE Tutor/Lecturer. For example my current teaching placement involves roles other than teaching, such as: ASSESSING: Assessing is an important part of my role as it ensures that lessons are planned accordingly to the needs of others. It also lets me know where students are with regards to achieving learning outcomes. AMINISTRATIVE ROLES: Administrative duties a re an important contribution to my role as organised records of information have to be maintained. Administrative duties also help with the preparation of lessons, such as creating slides or presentations.PERSONAL TUTOR: As well as teaching within a group setting, my current teaching placement also requires me to engage in one to one tutoring. These tutorials are important as they give students a chance to address any questions or difficulties they may be having and also helps me  assess where students need to improve and how they develop musically. Listed below are a few more roles required of an FE Lecturer:To conclude my evaluation of roles and responsibilities within the Further Education Sector, my opinion is that there are a broad number of roles entailed in teaching and it is important that teachers are aware of the skills required to ensure students receive a good education. I believe teachers’ responsibilities of procedures such as legislation requirements and code s of practice are essential to ensuring students are safe and learn in a positive environment.

HUMAN RESOURCES IN ACTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

HUMAN RESOURCES IN ACTION - Essay Example None of them have simply listed the positions. After clicking on the links provided by the companies, it is possible to find details about the jobs. Marriot has summarized the job position alone (Marriot International 3). It has not given additional information about the skills or qualifications needed to do the job. One is expected to deduce that from the description. Conversely, Kimpton has taken the time to outline all the duties and responsibilities, skills as well as the experience required to perform the job (Kimpton Hotels 2). The company has also outlined some of the objectives against which the applicant will work towards. Marriot may have refrained from including this information because the job is of a lower skill and will only be done part time. Regardless of these circumstances, an applicant would still want to know what would make them stand apart. What the sites do well Marriott.com has done a good job of identifying the job location. It has placed a map beside the job description so as eliminate any ambiguities. The organization has also clearly outlined the typical routines required to take on the role of a guest service representative. On the other hand, Kimpton did exceptionally well in describing the work environment of the company as well as the duties and experience of the employee. The fact that it had headings in the job positing was quite helpful. Both sites were moderately easy to navigate. One had to type in the nature of job that one requires in a search box before one could get responses. This process may sometimes waste time. Recommendation Good job postings ought to have clear headings. Marriot International hotel called their room attendants guest service representatives. Job seekers may not understand this title; it would have been better to use the generic name. Both organizations did not clarify the amount of time that one would spend performing certain duties as some could have more weight than others. In the future, it would be better to rank these duties in terms of percentages. Kimpton clarified issues about benefits but Marriot did not, yet this could be a deal breaker. Future job descriptions for Marriot should be more than a list of responsibilities for the said persons. They should include more information about job priorities, the work environment and many more features. B) Selection Three different methods Based on the job description for the general assistant manager Poste Brasserie Restaurant in Washington DC, it is possible to use the following methods of recruitment: job advertisements in newspapers or the internet, a recruitment agency, or a personal recommendation. Personal recommendations may come from one’s colleagues or peers in the same industry. Usually, referrals work best for organizations that are trying to save money as they will not have to place expensive advertisements on newspapers or the like. Furthermore, they usually come from a trustworthy person who has knowledge and experience in the industry. Conversely, they may narrow down the candidate's job pool to simply one person. Organizations may miss out on highly talented and useful individuals who were not recommended by the concerned person. Alternatively, a referral may be biased towards the applicants, especially if the referee and referrer are related. Online and newspaper advertisements may also be another way of recruiting a general assistant restaurant manager. These could be slightly costly as the organization has to

Drugs and mass media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drugs and mass media - Essay Example In the book â€Å"One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the ideology of Advanced Industrial Society† Herbert Marcuse claims that in modern society people are determined by the information that comes from mass media and technologies (13). The information forms the concepts people keep in their minds to estimate things they meet in their lives. The point is that people almost become controlled by the images and concepts mass media thrust them. For example, concerning drugs, when we watch some advertisement on TV where we see that people who have used some medical drugs become healthy and happy, we undoubtedly believe that we will get the same effect if we start using the drugs as well. The main problem is that we certainly believe in what we see in mass media because media system taught us that the best way to get trustworthy information is looking for it in mass media sources. Why don’t we ask ourselves whether the conceptualizations we get from media are truthful or just the tools of manipulation on society? Within his social theory of communication famous German sociologist Niklas Luhmann argues that communication is the main basis that lies in fundamentals of society. As far as mass media is the main communicative tool of modern social system, it works throughout all the aspects of society (25). First of all, it forms public opinion, which evidently is one of the most powerful manipulative remedy against personality. It turns out that considering media products, for example, watching TV we unconsciously catch the main points of public opinion. In other words, we learn how we have to look like and who we have to be to become the persons accepted by our society. If watching TV we see that it is normally to use drugs to look cool and stylish, we start using drugs to become cool and stylish. Luhmann claims that the messages we

Chrsit the Redeemer Statue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chrsit the Redeemer Statue - Research Paper Example The statute’s geographical location is the Brazilian region of â€Å"Rio de Janeiro† (Darpan, p. 379). The artwork is heavily built with a height of almost 40 meters and a weight of about 700 tons. Such features are exemplified by the location of the statute that rests on a mountaintop. It is built at one of mount Corcovado’s picks and lies at an altitude of about 700 meters above the sea level. The statute also directly faces Janeiro city, on its outskirts (Darpan, p. 379). Even though the history of the statute’s development went for more than a century, its actual construction works took about ten years. Communal participation through contributions led to the development that is majorly concrete but has soapstone finishing on the surface. A lot of renovation work has also been done on the statute whose value is estimated to have reached about 250000 dollars (Jetsetlife, p. 1). â€Å"Carlos Oswald† designed the art that was then sculptured by â₠¬Å"Paul Landowski† (Copa, p. 1). Development of the artwork and its history is majorly religious. This is deducible from the sculpture’s image and the history of events that led to its development. Its representation of the image of Jesus Christ, the pillar of Christian faith, indicates a religious theme of the art and the fact that it was built to communicate reverence to Jesus Christ, in the region. Having been built from people’s collective work also means that the locals are Christian faithful. The history of the statute however dates back to the sixteenth century with the arrival of the Portuguese in the region and a subsequent renaming of the mountain to a biblical perspective. The mountain was however later renamed before a Vatican representative’s proposal for a religious monument in the year 1859. It is this historic idea of a religious art that was developed in the year 1921 to the sculpture of Jesus Christ whose construction was supervised by Costa from 1921 (Copa, p. 1). Apart from the religious

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 65

Case Study - Essay Example BMC started out in 1978. BMC uses state of art machines to make the stampings. The process allows for efficient developing large volumes of stamping. The process also allowed the stampings to be of high quality. As the years passed, a lot of technological advancements were experienced. The technological changes changed the way BMC customers interacted with the company. Many customers shifted into the just in time manufacturing. The BMC technological department was affected by these changes. The company’s production schedules and inventory management were affected. BMC had to make some changes to their technical sector. CAD/CAM capabilities, a homegrown scheduling spreadsheet and financial applications, were added to their functions. All this was added to cope with the changes experienced in the technology sector. In 1989, a commercial off the shelf scheduling was purchased (COTS). The package implementation was, however, unsuccessful. The company purchased other COTS scheduling package in 1991. The package implementation also failed. A new manager recommended the development of a mini-computer based system. The internal system solved the issues of processing schedules and inventory. The company experienced other problems. The company flooded with many requests from customers. The major problem that faced the company was coming up with a solution that can handle the many requests that flooded the systems. The problem with the system not handling all the requests leads to customer dissatisfaction. Customer dissatisfaction would make the company lose it, customers. It would limit the company’s productivity. The system should also address the previous problems of production scheduling and inventory management. The company has a choice of purchasing a COTS package from Effective Management Systems. The COTS software costs $220,000 upfront and yearly maintenance contracts for $55,000 per year. EMS will allow limited

Human resources FSLA Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human resources FSLA - Case Study Example There are exemptions of compensation of the extra hours by the Act, meaning that not all employees are appropriate for compensation by the Act. The worker in this case is eligible for compensation of the overtime hours by the employer under the Act. From the scenario, there was denial for the employee’s appeal for compensation by the department. The department claims to have a policy where they do not consider overtime where an employee is on duty during his off duty hours (Calvasina et al, 2010). Conversely, the worker works for extra hours so that he is able to keep to the standards of his job description of top physical conditioning. The extra hours by the worker, area benefits the company too, because during the overtime hours the employee works for the good of the employee, and not for his own bosom (Calvasina et al, 2010) There are no legal exemptions by the Act against the employee in this scenario, so the department should compensate him (Costa, 2000). The Act vividly expounds overtime hours as time that one works when there are no authoritative directions from the employer to do so. The employee in this case toils for not certified operational extra hours; therefore, the employee should get his compensation from the employer. (Scott, 2010) Employers can shun FLSA claims by guaranteeing that they consult with the human resource team to ensure that they comply with the requirements by the Act (Calvasina et al, 2010). This entails making sure that there is the proper classification of all employees, to know whether the law excludes the worker. The employee does this by asking some questions relevant to the Act and carrying out tests where there is no clarification about the exemption status (Costa, 2000). The human resource department should ensure that they explain to the employees about the Act so that they avoid scenarios where the employees state to have claims, whereas there is none (Scott, 2010). Employers do

Urban Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Urban Studies - Essay Example ential by setting up a recreational park in the area much to the chagrin of the local community that comprises of Native American people who have valuable cultural attachment to the place. The conflict between the two culminated to a standoff that lasted 109 days thereby embodied a typical conflict over urban land use as the discussion below portrays. The two groups, The Greater Vallejo Recreation District and the Native American people, both had claims that appeared legitimate to them. To the Native American people, the land was their sacred ground. They gathered in the land for spiritual functions including burial. As such, the place was the resting ground for their ancestors thus was of immense cultural values. They had decorated the land with numerous valuable cultural products and maintained its gardens. Also known to them as the Sogorea Te, the Native people claim that the ground has been their burial and religious site for more than 3,000 years. As such, the people have a historical and cultural attachment to the place that makes it impossible for them to surrender the land to the Greater Vallejo Recreation District (Parrish, 2015). The Greater Vallejo Recreation District on the other hand views the business potential of the strait. The district embodies the modern day urban economy, which continues to foster changes in land use throughout the world. Recreational parks are significant facilities in the modern societies. They offer city residents with great outdoor activities as they walk with their children in the parks and get away from the busy life of the urban settings. To the city planners, recreational parks do not only beautify the scenery of a town but also adds an aesthetic value to the place. The Greater Vallejo Recreation District therefore viewed the business potential of the strait. They sought to rehabilitate the land by planting new plant species and providing reliable sanctuary to the rare animals in the area. Additionally, they would

Financial Markets and Institutions homework Assignment

Financial Markets and Institutions homework - Assignment Example The lenders earn interest as a return on the loan. However, the individuals also use bond markets to obtain loans, but it is a rare practice. The final type of financial market is the arena where currencies are swapped in order to fulfill the demand of a particular currency. The price of a currency is determined by finding out its demand curve’s interaction point with another one. The price of highly demanded currencies such as the American dollar, the English Pound, and Euro has been known to dominate others. The trick is to lower the interest in the country so that the currency does not face substantial level of devaluation, and therefore, its demand remains stable in the market. At the same time, all of the financial markets operate in order to facilitate exchange of money by bounding borrowers with contractual obligations to keep their part of the bargain. The accumulation of money into a few hand invite stagnation, and therefore, it is imperative to keep funds afloat in order to drive down the level of income disparity in the economy. The financial markets work to convert savings into investments, and as a result, the companies consistently create wealth. The network of financial markets is globally integrated, and transferring money from one economy to another is a matter of a few minutes nowadays. The financial markets create efficiency in the economie s by helping investors in shifting their financial resources into the financial system that offers higher returns. The progressive countries are always looking to make their economies suitable for foreign investors in order to have surplus monetary resources at the disposal of the local population (Alfaro, Chanda, Kalemli-Ozcanc, & Sayek, 2004). In this way, better use of money takes place. The fundamental form of a financial intermediary is packed in the shape of a bank because it brings savers and borrowers together